HeberFERON en el tratamiento del carcinoma basoescamoso / HeberFERON in Treating Basosquamous Carcinoma

Introducción: El carcinoma basoescamoso es un subtipo agresivo de carcinoma basocelular compuesto por células basaloides y áreas de células escamosas con una zona de transición intermedia, con tendencia a la recurrencia y metástasis. Objetivo: Describir el caso clínico de una paciente con un carcinoma basoescamoso en región temporal cerca del canto externo del ojo izquierdo. Presentación de caso: Se presentó el caso de una paciente con un carcinoma basoescamoso en región temporal cerca del canto externo del ojo izquierdo de 30 mm de diámetro. Se aplicó HeberFERON con respuesta completa al eliminar el tumor. Conclusiones: El HeberFERON es una opción no quirúrgica de tratamiento que puede ser usada en el carcinoma basoescamoso de localización facial que por su tamaño puede provocar mutilaciones o deformidades en esta zona(AU)

Introduction: Basal squamous cell carcinoma is an aggressive subtype of basal cell carcinoma composed of basaloid cells and areas of squamous cells with an intermediate transition zone, with a tendency to recur and metastasize. Objective: To describe the clinical case of a patient with a basal squamous cell carcinoma in the temporal region near the external canthus of the left eye. Case report: This paper reports a case of a female patient with a basal squamous cell carcinoma in the temporal region near the external canthus of her left eye with 30 mm diameter. HeberFERON was used with complete response when eliminating the tumor. Conclusions: HeberFERON is a non-surgical treatment option that can be used in facial basal squamous cell carcinoma that, due to its size, can cause mutilations or deformities in this area(AU)

A Case of Corneal Dysplasia with Identification of POLH Gene Variants in Xeroderma Pigmentosum

PURPOSE: To discuss the clinical course and diagnosis of corneal dysplasia in a xeroderma pigmentosum patient based on a genetic evaluation. CASE SUMMARY: A 42-year-old female visited our clinic for decreased left visual acuity and corneal opacity. She had undergone several surgeries previously due to the presence of basosquamous carcinoma in the left lower eyelid, neurofibroma, and malignant melanoma of the facial skin. The patient showed repeated corneal surface problems, with a suspicious dendritic lesion; however, antiviral therapy was ineffective, and herpes simplex virus polymerase chain reaction results were negative. Despite regular follow-ups, the patient showed neovascularization around the corneal limbus and an irregular corneal surface. We performed corneal debridement with autologous serum eye drops for treatment. The patient's visual acuity and corneal surface improved after the procedure. The impression cytology result was corneal dysplasia. In whole exome sequencing, two pathogenic variants and one likely pathogenic variant of the POLH gene were detected. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first genetically identified xeroderma pigmentosum case with ophthalmological lesions of the eyelid and cornea in Korea. Debridement of the irregular corneal surface and autologous serum eye drop administration in xeroderma pigmentosum could be helpful for improving visual acuity.

Periungual basal cell carcinoma

Abstract: Periungual basal cell carcinoma is rare and needs to be differentiated from other common diseases that affect this region. Several factors are associated with the development of this tumor, and sun damage seems to play an important role in its pathogenesis. Dermoscopy of clinically indolent lesions on the nail unit can shorten the diagnostic process and avoid destructive treatment and functional damage.

Facial extensive ulcer / Úlcera extensa facial

SUMMARY Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC), as described in 1910, is a distinctive variety of skin cancer and its etiology and pathological characteristics have generated much controversy over the years. Currently, BSC is considered a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) subtype with aggressive behavior and greater tendency for recurrence and metastases. We present a clinical case recently reported in our unit.

RESUMO Carcinoma basoescamoso, conforme descrito em 1910, é uma variedade distinta de câncer de pele e sua etiologia e características patológicas têm gerado muita controvérsia ao longo dos anos. Atualmente, BSC é considerado um subtipo de carcinoma de células basais com comportamento agressivo e maior tendência para a recorrência e metástase. Nós apresentamos um caso clínico relatado recentemente em nossa unidade.

Basosquamous Carcinoma of the Hand in a Radiologist with Prolonged Radiation Exposure

Basosquamous carcinoma is a rare epithelial neoplasm, mostly occurring on the head and neck area. There are few reports of basosquamous carcinoma on the finger. Here, the authors experienced treatment of basosquamous carcinoma on the finger in a radiologist. Treatment was successful by the wide excision and the cross-finger flap operation with a split-thickness skin graft and K-wire fixation. The rare finger basosquamous carcinoma case in our study is likely to be linked with radiation. Considering of the high reliance of C-arm during hand surgeries, we think that the hand of the surgeons should be more strictly protected.

Collision of malignant neoplasms of the skin: basosquamous cell carcinoma associated with melanoma

Collision tumors are characterized by the coexistence of two cancers in the same anatomical site and its pathogenesis remains controversial. Although uncommon, the association of basal cell carcinoma and melanocytic nevus is the most common among combinations of skin tumors. Even rarer is the association of two malignant tumors. We report a case of tumor collision representing melanoma and basosquamous cell carcinoma, a combination not previously described in the literature, since there are no reported cases of melanoma with this type of basal cell carcinoma.

The basaloid variant of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx / O basaloide variante do carcinoma de células escamosas da laringe

INTRODUCTION: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare subtype of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Because of its rarity, both clinical and prognostic features of this variant are not well known. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of BSCC and other SCC variants among all laryngeal SCC cases, and to determine clinical and prognostic features of BSCC variant. Study design: retrospective cohort study. Evidence level: Level 2b. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Records of the patients who had laryngeal SCC surgically treated at our institute between 2007 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Among 198 subjects who had laryngeal SCC surgically treated, the frequency of the variants of SCC other than classical variant was 10.1% (20/198). The most common SCC variant was BSCC (6.6%). Eleven (84.6%) patients with BSCC were at an advanced stage at the presentation (p > 0.05). The 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 63% and 53% respectively. CONCLUSION: BSCC variant may be more common than previously reported. Since almost the half of patients experiences disease recurrence in the early period, multimodal treatment strategies should be employed at initial treatment, and a close follow-up is strongly recommended for this aggressive SCC variant. .

INTRODUÇÃO: O carcinoma escamoso basaloide (CEB) é um raro subtipo do carcinoma de célula escamosa (CCE). Em decorrência de sua raridade, os aspectos clínicos e prognósticos dessa variante não são bem conhecidos. OBJETIVO: Determinar a frequência de CEB e de outras variantes do CCE entre todos os casos de CCE da laringe, assim como os aspectos clínicos e prognósticos da variante CEB. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectivo. Nível de evidência: 2b Os registros dos pacientes tratados cirurgicamente para CCE de laringe em nossa instituição entre 2007 e 2013 foram retrospectivamente revisados. RESULTADOS: Foram anotados 198 pacientes tratados cirurgicamente para CCE de laringe. A frequência das variantes de CCE diferentes da variante clássica foi 10,1% (20/198). A variante de CCE mais comum foi CEB (6,6%). Por ocasião da apresentação inicial, 11 (84,6%) pacientes com CEB estavam em estágio avançado (p > 0,05). Os percentuais de sobrevida geral após três anos e de sobrevida livre da doença foram 63% e 53%, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A variante CEB pode ser mais comum do que o informado anteriormente. Considerando que praticamente metade dos pacientes sofre recorrência da doença em seu período inicial, devem ser introduzidas estratégias terapêuticas multimodais no tratamento inicial; além disso, recomendamos enfaticamente um cuidadoso seguimento para essa agressiva variante do CCE. .

Carcinoma basoescamoso de cabeça e pescoço: menor frequência em área de alto risco do que outros carcinomas basocelulares / Basosquamous carcinoma location in high-risk areas is less frequent than other cervicofacial basal cell carcinomas

Introdução: O carcinoma basoescamoso é um subtipo agressivode carcinoma basocelular com características comuns aocarcinoma espinocelular. Devido à raridade dos casos, poucose sabe sobre as características demográficas, localizaçãotumoral e características histopatológicas. Objetivo: Compararas características dos carcinomas basoescamosos com outroscarcinomas basocelulares em uma série de tumores ressecadospela cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço. Método: Foram estudados osprontuários de 363 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia por diagnósticode carcinoma basocelular na região da cabeça e pescoço. Osdados obtidos incluíram: sexo, idade, tipo histológico, localização,tamanho, invasão angiolinfática e perineural. Resultado: 10,1%dos casos revisados foram carcinomas basoescamosos. Nãohouve diferença em quanto a idade, sexo e invasão angiolinfatica.O tamanho médio dos tumores basoescamosos foi maior queos outros subtipos (4,1 vs 2,6 cm, p<0,01) assim como o índicede invasão perineural (47,2 vs 20,8%, p<0,01). Este tipo detumor teve uma incidência menor nas áreas de alto risco (75,6vs 89,7, p<0,02), com localização maior em couro cabeludoe região cervical. Conclusão: O presente estudo confirma ascaracterísticas agressivas dos carcinomas basoescamosos, comoo tamanho maior e a elevada frequência de invasão perineural.Foi inesperado, no entanto, o achado de menor frequência nasáreas de alto risco.

Clinical Experience of Basosquamous Cell Carcinoma

PURPOSE: Basosquamous carcinoma is a rare malignancy, with features of both basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. It is considered as aggressive tumor with a high risk of recurrence and metastases. Authors report a case of basosquamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: A 72 year-old man, who had an erythematous ulcer on his left auricle, described a slow growing lesion, starting at the posterior surface of the superior helix with a steady increase in size during the past 10 years. At operation, auricular cartilage was grossly invaded by the tumor and was, therefore, amputated with tumor-free margins. RESULTS: Histopathologic examination was revealed a basosquamous cell carcinoma. On positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and neck CT were negative for signs of further nodal involvement or metastases to other organs. At follow-up 6 months later, his wounds were noted to be well healed, with no evidence of local recurrence or identifiable metastases. CONCLUSION: Because basosquamous cell carcinoma has a significant potential to recur and metastasize, surgical excision for this type of carcinoma should be more extensive than that performed for conventional basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, regional lymph nodes should be monitored and close follow-up should be carried out.

A Case of Basosquamous Carcinoma of the Eyelid

PURPOSE: To report a rare case of basosquamous carcinoma of the eyelid, an aggressive tumor with a higher tendency for recurrence and metastasis. CASE SUMMARY: An 87-year-old woman presented with a painful mass and bloody exudates at the left lateral lower eyelid. Four years previous, the patient was diagnosed with basosquamous carcinoma of the left lower eyelid after biopsy at another hospital. At that time, she was unable to receive operation because she had suffered from a serious heart condition. With time, the left lower eyelid mass continued to grow and symptoms and signs of pain and bloody exudates appeared. The patient underwent surgery for complete tumor resection and repair and the biopsy of a specimen showed tumor-free margins and no metastasis to distal sites. CONCLUSIONS: Basosquamous carcinoma is a subtype of basal cell carcinoma with aggressive behavior and a higher tendency for recurrence and metastasis. However, our case showed no recurrence with no metastasis to the nearby lymph nodes, vessels, or nerves. We report a case of basosquamous carcinoma of the eyelid at old age that was cured after operative resection.

Application of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Cutaneous Basosquamous Carcinoma

Basosquamous carcinoma of the skin is a relatively rare cutaneous neoplasm that has significant metastatic potential and a metastatic rate greater than that of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma. We describe the use of lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in a 63-year-old man after identification of basosquamous carcinoma. Sentinel lymph node biopsy, which is a standard tool to detect regional lymphatic metastasis in cutaneous melanoma, has been rarely employed to detect lymphatic metastasis of basosquamous carcinoma. The approach was successful in detecting a regional lymphatic metastasis of two nodal basins with minor morbidity. Sentinel lymph node biopsy may be useful for certain high-risk lesions of basosquamous carcinoma.

Carcinoma basoescamoso: reporte de un caso con exposición crónica a arsénico ambiental / Basosquamous carcinoma: a case report with chronic environmental arsenic exposition

Basosquamous carcinoma is a relatively rare cutaneous tumour that shares some characteristics of both basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma. Currently most dermatologists consider that it represents a subtype of basal cell carcinoma with a more aggressive behaviour. The clinical presentation is non-specific and in general the diagnosis is made after the histopathological studies. The prevalence is higher in male patients, during the seventh decade and it tends to appear on sun exposed areas. Many authors compare its behaviour with squamous cell carcinoma. We present the case of a 44 years old male patient with a history of chronic arsenic exposure that presented a firm tumor in the left inguinal region and the biopsy showed basosquamous carcinoma with lymphatic involvement. This case shows an atypical presentation because of its localization and the appearance 20 years before the mean age reported in the literature. This could be explained by chronic environmental arsenic exposure, a well known risk factor for the development of cutaneous tumours.

El carcinoma basoescamoso es una neoplasia cutánea relativamente rara que reúne características de carcinoma basocelular y espinocelular. Actualmente la mayoría de los dermatólogos reconocen que este es un subtipo del carcinoma basocelular con comportamiento muchísimo más agresivo. Su presentación clínica es inespecífica y en general su diagnóstico se realiza sólo después de la biopsia. Predomina en pacientes de sexo masculino durante la séptima década de la vida y tiende a aparecer en regiones fotoexpuestas. Muchos autores igualan su comportamiento al del carcinoma espinocelular. Se presenta el caso de un paciente, de sexo masculino, de 44 años de edad, con antecedente de exposición a arsénico medioambiental crónica, que presentó aumento de volumen, duro en la región inguinal izquierda, cuya biopsia fue compatible con carcinoma basoescamoso con compromiso linfático. El caso de nuestro paciente muestra una presentación atípica por su localización y por la aparición 20 años antes de la media de edad reportada en la literatura. Esto podría ser explicado por la exposición crónica a arsénico, conocido factor de riesgo para carcinogénesis cutánea.

Carcinoma basoescamoso avançado de órbita: relato de caso / An advanced case of basosquamous carcinoma of the orbit: case report

Carcinoma basoescamoso é um tumor raro com características de tumor de células basais e escamosas interligados por uma área de transição. Tem sido descrito como um tumor agressivo com possibilidade de metástases à distância, o que difere substancialmente do carcinoma basocelular. Propomos neste relato a descrição de um caso de evolução crônica e das consequências do abandono do tratamento por causa do prognóstico reservado deste tipo de tumor de comportamento agressivo.

Basosquamous carcinoma is a rare tumor with features of both basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma, linked by a transition area. It is a rare epithelial neoplasm with a tendency for local recurrence. It also has a high incidence of distant metastasis, a condition that differentiates it from the basal cell carcinoma. In this case, the slow course of the infiltrative lesion associated to patient non-compliance to treatment led to a poor prognosis.

histopathological pattern of skin cancers in Iraq

Skin cancers comprise a variety of malignancies, with varying incidence of the histopathological types worldwide. Little is known about skin cancers in Iraq. Population-based figures on skin cancers are essential for a realistic assessment of the disease burden, prevention modes and the need for caring. The aim of this paper is to present the first and the largest study of the histopathological types of skin cancers in Iraq. In the largest series of 63923 Iraqi patients with various types of newly diagnosed cancers registered by the Iraqi Ministry of Health from all Iraqi provinces with the exception of 3 Northern provinces [Sulaimanyia, Erbil, and Dohouk] during five-year period [2000-2004] 2585 cases of skin cancers occurred in all age groups accounting for approximately 4% of all cancer cases in Iraq. The top skin cancers in Iraq were Basal cell carcinoma [BCC], Squamous cell carcinoma [SCC], melanoma, Dermatofibrosarcoma, Basosquamous carcinoma, Kaposi sarcoma. BCC is the commonest skin cancer in Iraq. There were 1111 cases of BCC accounting for 43% of all skin cancers. SCC is second most common skin cancer in Iraq. There were 904 cases of SCC accounting for 35% of all skin cancers. Melanoma is third most common skin cancer in Iraq. There were 160 cases of melanoma accounting for only 6% of all skin cancers. The top skin cancers in Iraq were BCC, SCC, melanoma, Dermatofibrosarcoma, Basosquamous carcinoma, Kaposi sarcoma

Diagnosis and treatment of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the histopathological features of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, and to explore the ways of its diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data and pathological features of 23 cases of esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The tumors were mainly located at the middle third segment of the esophagus. The 1-,2- and 3-year survival rates were 60.9%, 21.7% and 0, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is highly malignant with poor prognosis. Radical resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is required.</p>

Role of siRNA mediated matrix metalloproteinase-2 gene silencing in the inhibition of invasion and growth of laryngeal cancer cells / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the inhibitory effect of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) gene silencing in vitro and in vivo on the invasion and growth of laryngeal cancer cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>siRNA recombinant lentivirus targeting MMP-2 gene was transfected into Hep-2 cells, and MMP-2 protein expression was analyzed consequently by using western-blot. Invasive properties of transfectants were evaluated by Boyden assay. In addition, the lentivirus was intratumorally injected in a model of the grafted nude mouse and the morphological changes of transfectants were examined by transmission electron microscope. Finally, cell proliferation in xenografts was measured by immunolabeling of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Over 90% of target cancer cells were found to be transfected by MMP-2-RNAi-Lentivirus. Western-blot analysis revealed that none of transfectants expressed MMP-2 protein whereas most untreated cancer cells exhibited positive protein expression. Significant differences were found between the treated and untreated groups regarding the number of transfectants penetrating through an artificial basement in a Boyden chamber (12 +/- 4 vs 35 +/- 6, x +/- s, t = 14.492, P < 0.01), and the average value of weight [(1.186 +/- 0.225) g vs [(2.127 +/- 0.344) g] and volume [(0.974 +/- 0.216) cm3 vs (1.618 +/- 0.272) cm3] of the grafted tumors (t was 7.094 and 5.684, P < 0.01). The overall tumor inhibitive rate was about 44.2%. Transmission electron microscope showed an obviously decreased invasive feature of transfectants. Finally, the percentages of transfectants immunolabeled for PCNA were significantly lower in the treated group (49.588 +/- 6.995) than those (71.434 +/- 7. 043) in control one (t = 9. 573, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The invasion, growth and proliferation of laryngeal cancer can be inhibited by siRNA mediated MMP-2 gene silencing. These data strongly suggest that MMP-2 gene silencing by siRNA technology could be a promising approach to cancer therapy.</p>

Carcinomas cutáneos: historia y clasificación / Cutaneous carcinomas: history and classification

Se efectua una apretada síntesis histórica desde los papiros egipcios hasta la actualidad. Luego se clasifica a los epiteliomas o carcinomas cutáneos en: 1- Carcinomas primitivos cutáneos. 2- Carcinomas intermediarios. 3- Carcinomas espinocelulares. 4- Carcinomas anexiales: sudoríparos, sebáceos, pilosos. 5- Carcinomas anexiales fundamentales. 6- Carcinomas "in situ" (intraepiteliales). Este sistema clasificatorio, basado en la histogénesis, ha demostrado ser de utilidad práctica a través del tiempo. Consideramos que se trata de un valioso trabajo de revisión y actualización producto de 5 décadas de experiencia. Se caracteriza por ser sintético, preciso y con criterio didáctico. Los conceptos están vertidos mediante 150 diapositivas demostrativas que expresan con certeza los caracteres clínicos e histológicos de las neoplasias cutáneas, salvo el melanoma. Uno de los autores (J.A) comienza el estudio en 1953 con su tesis de doctorado: "Epiteliomas cutáneos: ensayo de clasificación citogenética". Es un monumental ensayo ilustrado con numerosas microfotografías en blanco y negro, cuya consulta recomendamos en la Biblioteca de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la UBA.

Case reports of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma--an aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a high grade variant of Squamous Cell Carcinoma with a predilection for the aero-digestive tract. The typical microscopic features of carcinoma with a basaloid pattern in intimate association with a squamous component helps in diagnosis of this tumour. There are few reports in the Indian literature and we report three cases, including one in the sinonasal region. This study discusses the differential diagnosis of BSCC, as recognition of this tumour may have therapeutic implications.

Comparative Analysis of Squamous Cell Differentiation by Histologic Subtypes in Basal Cell Carcinoma / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: There has been no general agreement on classifying basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and little is known about the squamous cell differentiations of each subtype of BCC. BCC is a locally-invasive tumor, but its aggressive forms tend to recur and metastasize. OBJECTIVE: We have compared the histolopathological subtypes of BCC by squamous differentiation, with special emphasis on basosquamous carcinoma and the difference between the non- aggressive and aggressive forms of BCC. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A total of 87 BCC specimens were collected from the 7 branch hospitals of The Catholic University of Korea from July 1997 to June 2003. RESULTS: 1. The 87 samples were divided into 6 subtypes: 18 nodular, 19 nodular infiltrative, 12 micronodular, 14 infiltrative, 11 morpheaform, 13 basosquamous. Overall, 18 samples were classified as non- aggressive and the remaining 69 as aggressive. 2.In nodular-infiltrative BCC and basosquamous carcinoma, squamous cell differentiation was significantly more prominent than in the nodular BCC. CONCLUSION: Squamous cell differentiation should be considered as one of the aggressive markers, especially in nodule-forming BCC.